2N4401 is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. 2N4401has a gain value hfe of 500; this value determines the amplification capacity of the transistor.
An introduction to the 2n4401 is available at: https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2018/02/introduction-to-2n4401.html
Power dissipation PCM: 0.6 W(Tamb=25O C)
Collector current ICM: 0.6 A
Collector-base voltage V(BR)CBO: 60 V
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Electronics 112: Relays, MOSFETs & Solid-State Switching
A practical, design-oriented guide to switching power safely and efficiently: when to use mechanical relays, when to use MOSFETs, and why solid-state solutions are often misunderstood but critical in modern electronics.
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